"""
Request-ID Middleware

Generates and propagates unique request identifiers for distributed tracing.
Supports both X-Request-ID and X-Correlation-ID headers.

Usage:
    from middleware import RequestIDMiddleware, get_request_id

    app.add_middleware(RequestIDMiddleware)

    @app.get("/api/example")
    async def example():
        request_id = get_request_id()
        logger.info(f"Processing request", extra={"request_id": request_id})
"""

import uuid
from contextvars import ContextVar
from typing import Optional

from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
from starlette.requests import Request
from starlette.responses import Response

# Context variable to store request ID across async calls
_request_id_ctx: ContextVar[Optional[str]] = ContextVar("request_id", default=None)

# Header names
REQUEST_ID_HEADER = "X-Request-ID"
CORRELATION_ID_HEADER = "X-Correlation-ID"


def get_request_id() -> Optional[str]:
    """
    Get the current request ID from context.

    Returns:
        The request ID string or None if not in a request context.

    Example:
        request_id = get_request_id()
        logger.info("Processing", extra={"request_id": request_id})
    """
    return _request_id_ctx.get()


def set_request_id(request_id: str) -> None:
    """
    Set the request ID in the current context.

    Args:
        request_id: The request ID to set
    """
    _request_id_ctx.set(request_id)


def generate_request_id() -> str:
    """
    Generate a new unique request ID.

    Returns:
        A UUID4 string
    """
    return str(uuid.uuid4())


class RequestIDMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
    """
    Middleware that generates and propagates request IDs.

    For each incoming request:
    1. Check for existing X-Request-ID or X-Correlation-ID header
    2. If not present, generate a new UUID
    3. Store in context for use by handlers and logging
    4. Add to response headers

    Attributes:
        header_name: The primary header name to use (default: X-Request-ID)
        generator: Function to generate new IDs (default: uuid4)
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        app,
        header_name: str = REQUEST_ID_HEADER,
        generator=generate_request_id,
    ):
        super().__init__(app)
        self.header_name = header_name
        self.generator = generator

    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next) -> Response:
        # Try to get existing request ID from headers
        request_id = (
            request.headers.get(REQUEST_ID_HEADER)
            or request.headers.get(CORRELATION_ID_HEADER)
        )

        # Generate new ID if not provided
        if not request_id:
            request_id = self.generator()

        # Store in context for logging and handlers
        set_request_id(request_id)

        # Store in request state for direct access
        request.state.request_id = request_id

        # Process request
        response = await call_next(request)

        # Add request ID to response headers
        response.headers[REQUEST_ID_HEADER] = request_id
        response.headers[CORRELATION_ID_HEADER] = request_id

        return response


class RequestIDLogFilter:
    """
    Logging filter that adds request_id to log records.

    Usage:
        import logging

        handler = logging.StreamHandler()
        handler.addFilter(RequestIDLogFilter())

        formatter = logging.Formatter(
            '%(asctime)s [%(request_id)s] %(levelname)s %(message)s'
        )
        handler.setFormatter(formatter)
    """

    def filter(self, record):
        record.request_id = get_request_id() or "no-request-id"
        return True