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P98: HTML-Tabellen-Zellen wurden bei VW-Cookie-Richtlinie ohne Whitespace
verkettet ('smartSignals2UiDsmartSignals2sUiDsmartSignals2CPs...'). Grund:
el.textContent ignoriert Block-Element-Grenzen. Fix: innerText (whitespace-
respecting) statt textContent. Cookie-Namen werden jetzt einzeln erkannt —
VW-Lauf sollte ~100 Cookies statt 1 finden.
P100: Banner-Check fuer 'Anpassen'/'Einstellungen'-Button im Initial-Banner.
VW-Pattern: nur 2 Buttons (Nur technisch notwendige / Alle akzeptieren),
keine granulare Wahl vor Akzeptanz/Ablehnung. Faktische Manipulation
Richtung Pauschal-Akzeptanz. HIGH-Finding nach EDPB 5/2020 §82.
Pattern: anpassen/einstellungen/cookie-einstellungen/manage cookies/
preferences/customize.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
532 lines
26 KiB
Python
532 lines
26 KiB
Python
"""
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Banner text legal checks — extracted from consent_scanner.py.
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11 checks for cookie banner legal compliance:
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1. Impressum link accessible (§5 TMG)
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2. DSE link in banner (Art. 13 DSGVO)
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3. Wrong DSE consent wording (Art. 13 DSGVO)
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4. Reject button visible (§25 TDDDG)
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5. Pre-ticked checkboxes (Planet49)
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6. Dark pattern button size (EDPB 05/2020)
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7. Cookie wall (Phase B check)
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8. Re-access to settings (Art. 7(3) DSGVO)
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9. Third-party DSE link (Art. 13 DSGVO)
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10. Dark-pattern language (EDPB 05/2020)
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11. Non-modal dismiss = consent (Planet49)
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"""
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import logging
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from services.script_analyzer import Violation
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from services.banner_advanced_checks import run_advanced_checks
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from services.banner_dom_walkers import (
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SHADOW_BANNER_WALKER_JS,
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FOOTER_LABELS_WALKER_JS,
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)
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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async def check_banner_text(page) -> dict:
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"""Check cookie banner text for legal issues.
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1. Impressum link must be accessible even with banner overlay (§5 TMG)
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2. DSE link must be accessible from banner
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3. "Zustimmung zur Datenschutzerklärung" is WRONG — DSE is an information
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obligation (Art. 13 DSGVO), not something users "agree" to
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"""
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violations = []
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has_impressum = False
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has_dse = False
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try:
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# Get banner text and links
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banner_text = ""
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banner_links = []
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# Try common banner container selectors
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for selector in [
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"#CybotCookiebotDialog", "#onetrust-banner-sdk", "#didomi-host",
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"#usercentrics-root", ".cky-consent-container", "#cmpbox",
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'[class*="cookie-banner"]', '[class*="consent-banner"]',
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'[class*="cookie-notice"]', '[role="dialog"]',
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]:
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try:
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el = page.locator(selector).first
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if await el.count() > 0:
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banner_text = (await el.text_content() or "").strip()
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# Get links inside banner
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links = await el.locator("a[href]").all()
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for link in links:
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href = await link.get_attribute("href") or ""
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text = (await link.text_content() or "").strip()
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banner_links.append({"href": href.lower(), "text": text.lower()})
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if banner_text:
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break
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except Exception:
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continue
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# P28a + P63: Shadow-DOM Web Component CMPs (Mercedes cmm-cookie-banner,
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# BMW cookie-consent-banner). Walker pierces shadow tree + extracts
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# label-based legal links (wb7-link/button/role=link). See
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# banner_dom_walkers.SHADOW_BANNER_WALKER_JS.
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if not banner_text or not banner_links:
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try:
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shadow_data = await page.evaluate(SHADOW_BANNER_WALKER_JS)
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if shadow_data and isinstance(shadow_data, dict):
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if shadow_data.get("text"):
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banner_text = (banner_text + " " + shadow_data["text"]).strip()
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if shadow_data.get("links"):
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banner_links.extend(shadow_data["links"])
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except Exception:
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pass
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if not banner_text:
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return {"violations": violations, "has_impressum": False, "has_dse": False}
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banner_lower = banner_text.lower()
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# Check 1: Impressum link in or accessible through banner
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has_impressum = any(
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"impressum" in l["href"] or "impressum" in l["text"] or
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"imprint" in l["href"] or "legal notice" in l["text"]
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for l in banner_links
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)
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# Also check if impressum is visible behind/around banner
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if not has_impressum:
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try:
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imp_visible = await page.locator('a[href*="impressum"], a[href*="imprint"]').first
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if await imp_visible.count() > 0 and await imp_visible.is_visible():
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has_impressum = True
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except Exception:
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pass
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if not has_impressum:
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violations.append(Violation(
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service="Cookie-Banner",
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severity="HIGH",
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text="Impressum nicht aus dem Cookie-Banner erreichbar. "
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"Bei ueberlagerndem Banner muss ein Impressum-Link im Banner vorhanden sein (§5 TMG).",
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legal_ref="§5 TMG, LG Rostock Az. 3 O 22/19",
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))
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# Check 2: DSE link in banner
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has_dse = any(
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"datenschutz" in l["href"] or "datenschutz" in l["text"] or
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"privacy" in l["href"] or "privacy" in l["text"] or
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"dsgvo" in l["href"]
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for l in banner_links
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)
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if not has_dse:
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violations.append(Violation(
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service="Cookie-Banner",
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severity="MEDIUM",
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text="Kein Link zur Datenschutzerklaerung im Cookie-Banner. "
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"Nutzer sollten vor der Einwilligung die DSE einsehen koennen.",
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legal_ref="Art. 13 DSGVO, ErwGr. 42 DSGVO (informierte Einwilligung)",
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))
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# Check 3: Wrong wording — "Zustimmung zur Datenschutzerklärung"
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wrong_dse_consent_patterns = [
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"stimme der datenschutz",
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"stimme den datenschutz",
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"akzeptiere die datenschutz",
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"akzeptiere die privacy",
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"agree to the privacy policy",
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"accept the privacy",
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"datenschutzerklaerung zustimmen",
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"datenschutzrichtlinie akzeptieren",
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"datenschutzrichtlinie zustimmen",
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"i agree to the privacy",
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"i accept the privacy",
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]
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for pattern in wrong_dse_consent_patterns:
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if pattern in banner_lower:
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violations.append(Violation(
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service="Cookie-Banner",
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severity="HIGH",
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text=f"Falsche Formulierung im Banner: 'Zustimmung zur Datenschutzerklaerung'. "
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f"Die DSE ist eine Informationspflicht (Art. 13 DSGVO) — man kann sie "
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f"nur zur Kenntnis nehmen, nicht 'zustimmen'. "
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f"Korrekt: 'Ich habe die Datenschutzinformationen zur Kenntnis genommen'.",
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legal_ref="Art. 13 DSGVO, ErwGr. 42 (informierte Einwilligung ≠ Zustimmung zur DSE)",
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))
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break
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# P28b Check 4: Reject mechanism present + explicit-labeled?
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# HIGH = no reject mechanism at all
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# MEDIUM = reject available but not labeled "Ablehnen"/"Reject"
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# (e.g. only "Nur technisch Notwendige" — semantically
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# a reject but EDPB 5/2020 + DSK-OH 2024 prefer explicit
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# labeling so users recognize it as the reject option)
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# P93: EDPB 5/2020 schreibt kein bestimmtes Wort vor — Reject-
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# Mechanismus muss gleichwertig zur Annahme sein. BMW nutzt
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# "Cookies verbieten", andere Sites "Tracking ablehnen" o.ae. —
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# alle rechtlich gleichwertig.
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explicit_reject_texts = [
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"ablehnen", "reject", "alle ablehnen",
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"decline", "alles ablehnen",
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"cookies verbieten", "cookies blockieren",
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"tracking ablehnen", "tracking verbieten",
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"zurueckweisen", "block all", "deny all",
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"alle verweigern", "verweigern",
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]
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implicit_reject_texts = ["nur notwendige", "nur technisch", "nur essenzielle",
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"nur essentielle", "notwendige akzeptieren",
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"essential only", "only necessary",
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"nur erforderliche"]
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has_explicit_reject = any(t in banner_lower for t in explicit_reject_texts)
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has_implicit_reject = any(t in banner_lower for t in implicit_reject_texts)
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if not has_explicit_reject and not has_implicit_reject:
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violations.append(Violation(
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service="Cookie-Banner",
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severity="HIGH",
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text="Kein 'Ablehnen'-Mechanismus im Banner erkannt. "
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"Die Ablehnung muss ebenso einfach sein wie die Zustimmung.",
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legal_ref="§25 Abs. 1 TDDDG, EDPB Guidelines 05/2020 (Consent)",
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))
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elif not has_explicit_reject and has_implicit_reject:
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violations.append(Violation(
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service="Cookie-Banner",
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severity="MEDIUM",
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text="Reject-Moeglichkeit vorhanden ('Nur technisch Notwendige' o.ae.), "
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"aber nicht als 'Ablehnen' beschriftet. Nutzer erkennen 'Ablehnen' "
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"schneller als sprachlich umschriebene Varianten. "
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"Empfehlung: zusaetzlich 'Ablehnen' als Button-Label.",
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legal_ref="EDPB 5/2020 (Consent) + DSK-OH 2024 (Telemedien)",
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))
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# P100: Granular-Wahl-Pruefung — "Anpassen"/"Einstellungen"-Button
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# im Initial-Banner. Wenn er FEHLT (VW-Pattern), ist die granulare
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# Cookie-Wahl erst nach Akzeptanz/Ablehnung moeglich — faktische
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# Manipulation Richtung "Alle akzeptieren". EDPB 5/2020 §82.
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granular_button_texts = [
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"anpassen", "einstellungen", "cookie-einstellungen",
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"cookies verwalten", "manage cookies", "customize",
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"weitere optionen", "more options", "settings",
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"individuell", "detaillierte einstellungen",
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"praeferenzen", "preferences",
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]
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has_granular_button = any(t in banner_lower for t in granular_button_texts)
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if not has_granular_button:
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violations.append(Violation(
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service="Cookie-Banner",
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severity="HIGH",
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text="Granulare Cookie-Auswahl im Initial-Banner nicht "
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"moeglich (kein 'Anpassen'/'Einstellungen'-Button). "
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"Nutzer koennen nur 'Alle akzeptieren' oder 'Nur "
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"technisch notwendige' waehlen — Detailwahl pro "
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"Kategorie erst nach Akzeptanz/Ablehnung. Das ist "
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"faktische Manipulation Richtung Pauschal-Akzeptanz.",
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legal_ref="EDPB Guidelines 5/2020 §82 (granular consent), "
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"§25 Abs. 1 TDDDG, Art. 4(11) DSGVO (informierte "
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"Einwilligung)",
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))
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# Check 5: Pre-ticked checkboxes (EuGH Planet49)
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try:
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pre_checked = await page.evaluate("""
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() => {
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const banner = document.querySelector(
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'#CybotCookiebotDialog, #onetrust-banner-sdk, #didomi-host, '
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+ '#usercentrics-root, .cky-consent-container, #cmpbox, '
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+ '[class*="cookie-banner"], [class*="consent-banner"], [role="dialog"]'
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);
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if (!banner) return [];
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const checked = banner.querySelectorAll(
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'input[type="checkbox"]:checked:not([disabled])'
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);
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return [...checked]
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.filter(cb => {
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const label = cb.closest('label')?.textContent || cb.getAttribute('aria-label') || '';
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const isNecessary = /notwendig|necessary|essential|erforderlich/i.test(label);
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return !isNecessary;
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})
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.map(cb => cb.closest('label')?.textContent?.trim() || cb.id || 'unknown');
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}
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""")
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if pre_checked:
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violations.append(Violation(
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service="Cookie-Banner",
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severity="HIGH",
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text=f"Vorausgewaehlte Checkboxen im Banner: {', '.join(pre_checked[:3])}. "
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f"Einwilligung muss durch aktive Handlung erfolgen — vorausgefuellte "
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f"Checkboxen sind ungueltig.",
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legal_ref="Art. 4(11) DSGVO, EuGH C-673/17 (Planet49)",
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))
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except Exception:
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pass
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# Check 6: Dark Pattern — button size/prominence comparison
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try:
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button_info = await page.evaluate("""
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() => {
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const banner = document.querySelector(
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'#CybotCookiebotDialog, #onetrust-banner-sdk, #didomi-host, '
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+ '#usercentrics-root, .cky-consent-container, #cmpbox, '
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+ '[class*="cookie-banner"], [class*="consent-banner"], [role="dialog"]'
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);
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if (!banner) return null;
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const buttons = [...banner.querySelectorAll('button, a[role="button"], [class*="btn"]')];
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return buttons.slice(0, 6).map(b => {
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const style = window.getComputedStyle(b);
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const rect = b.getBoundingClientRect();
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return {
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text: b.textContent?.trim()?.substring(0, 40) || '',
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width: rect.width,
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height: rect.height,
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area: rect.width * rect.height,
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bgColor: style.backgroundColor,
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fontSize: parseFloat(style.fontSize),
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visible: rect.width > 0 && rect.height > 0,
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};
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});
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}
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""")
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if button_info and len(button_info) >= 2:
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accept_btn = None
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reject_btn = None
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accept_kw = ["akzeptieren", "accept", "zustimmen", "agree", "einverstanden", "ok"]
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reject_kw = ["ablehnen", "reject", "notwendige", "decline", "nein",
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"technisch", "essenzielle", "essential", "erforderliche"]
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for btn in button_info:
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text_lower = btn["text"].lower()
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if any(k in text_lower for k in accept_kw):
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accept_btn = btn
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elif any(k in text_lower for k in reject_kw):
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reject_btn = btn
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if accept_btn and reject_btn:
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area_ratio = accept_btn["area"] / max(reject_btn["area"], 1)
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if area_ratio > 2.5:
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violations.append(Violation(
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service="Cookie-Banner",
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severity="MEDIUM",
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text=f"Dark Pattern: 'Akzeptieren'-Button ist {area_ratio:.1f}x groesser als "
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f"'Ablehnen'-Button. Beide Optionen muessen gleichwertig dargestellt werden.",
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legal_ref="EDPB Guidelines 05/2020, §25 TDDDG, DSK Orientierungshilfe Telemedien",
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))
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size_ratio = accept_btn["fontSize"] / max(reject_btn["fontSize"], 1)
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if size_ratio > 1.5:
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violations.append(Violation(
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service="Cookie-Banner",
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severity="MEDIUM",
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text=f"Dark Pattern: Schriftgroesse 'Akzeptieren' ({accept_btn['fontSize']:.0f}px) "
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f"vs. 'Ablehnen' ({reject_btn['fontSize']:.0f}px). "
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f"Unterschiedliche Schriftgroessen sind ein Dark Pattern.",
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legal_ref="EDPB Guidelines 05/2020 (gleichwertige Darstellung)",
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))
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except Exception:
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pass
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# Check 7: Cookie Wall — does rejecting block the site?
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# (This is checked in Phase B — if after reject the page is not navigable)
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# P29 Check 8: Re-access to cookie settings (Art. 7(3) DSGVO).
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# Three quality tiers:
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# OK = persistent floating cookie icon OR explicit-labeled
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# footer link ("Cookie-Einstellungen", "Cookie-Richtlinie",
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# "Cookies verwalten", etc.)
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# MEDIUM = re-access only via ambiguous label (e.g. "Einstellungen"
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# alone — could mean theme/language) OR only via
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# cookies.html doc link (not a settings dialog)
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# HIGH = no re-access mechanism found at all
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try:
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has_floating_icon = False
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floating_selectors = [
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".cky-btn-revisit", "#ot-sdk-btn", "#ot-sdk-btn-floating",
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"[class*='ot-floating']", "[class*='cookie-floating']",
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"[id*='cookiebot-renew']", "[class*='cmp-floating']",
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"[id*='cmplz-cookiebanner-status']", ".uc-cookie-settings-trigger",
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"[class*='consent-floating']", "[data-testid*='cookie-revisit']",
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]
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for sel in floating_selectors:
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try:
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if await page.locator(sel).count() > 0:
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has_floating_icon = True
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break
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except Exception:
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continue
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# Footer label inspection — distinguish explicit vs ambiguous
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# P64: OEM design-systems (Mercedes wb7-footer, BMW b-footer) don't
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# use <footer>. Scan via evaluate() with multiple candidate roots
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# including page-bottom region as last-ditch fallback.
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footer_labels: list[str] = []
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try:
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footer_labels = await page.evaluate(FOOTER_LABELS_WALKER_JS) or []
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except Exception:
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pass
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# Explicit, unambiguous cookie/consent labels
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explicit_patterns = [
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"cookie-einstellungen", "cookie einstellungen",
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"cookie-richtlinie", "cookie richtlinie",
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"cookie-praeferenzen", "cookie preferences",
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"cookies verwalten", "manage cookies",
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"datenschutz-einstellungen", "privacy preferences",
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"datenschutzeinstellungen", "datenschutz einstellungen",
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"cookie consent", "consent settings",
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"cookie-banner", "cookies anpassen",
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# P64: OEM-typical labels
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"tracking-einstellungen", "tracking einstellungen",
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"cookie-zustimmung", "consent verwalten",
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]
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has_explicit_footer = any(
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any(p in lbl for p in explicit_patterns)
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for lbl in footer_labels
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)
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# Ambiguous labels — "Einstellungen" alone, generic "Cookies"
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ambiguous_patterns = ["einstellungen", "settings", "cookies"]
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has_ambiguous_footer = (not has_explicit_footer) and any(
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lbl.strip() in ambiguous_patterns
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or any(lbl.strip() == p for p in ambiguous_patterns)
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for lbl in footer_labels
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)
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if has_floating_icon or has_explicit_footer:
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pass # OK — no violation
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elif has_ambiguous_footer:
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violations.append(Violation(
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service="Cookie-Banner",
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severity="MEDIUM",
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text="Re-Zugang zu Cookie-Einstellungen nur ueber mehrdeutiges "
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"Footer-Label (z.B. 'Einstellungen' oder 'Cookies'). "
|
|
"Empfehlung: persistenten Cookie-Icon-Button (Floating) "
|
|
"oder explizites Footer-Label 'Cookie-Einstellungen', "
|
|
"'Cookie-Richtlinie' o.ae. damit Nutzer den Widerruf "
|
|
"ohne Suchen finden.",
|
|
legal_ref="Art. 7 Abs. 3 DSGVO + EDPB 5/2020 (informierte, "
|
|
"leicht widerrufbare Einwilligung)",
|
|
))
|
|
else:
|
|
violations.append(Violation(
|
|
service="Cookie-Banner",
|
|
severity="HIGH",
|
|
text="Kein erneuter Zugang zu Cookie-Einstellungen gefunden "
|
|
"(weder Floating-Icon noch Footer-Link). Widerruf muss "
|
|
"ebenso einfach sein wie Erteilung.",
|
|
legal_ref="Art. 7 Abs. 3 DSGVO (Widerruf so einfach wie Einwilligung)",
|
|
))
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
# Check 9: Third-party DSE link — consent links to external domain DSE
|
|
try:
|
|
page_domain = page.url.split("/")[2].replace("www.", "")
|
|
for link in banner_links:
|
|
href = link["href"]
|
|
if not href.startswith("http"):
|
|
continue
|
|
link_domain = href.split("/")[2].replace("www.", "") if len(href.split("/")) > 2 else ""
|
|
if not link_domain:
|
|
continue
|
|
is_dse_link = any(kw in link["text"] for kw in [
|
|
"datenschutz", "privacy", "dsgvo", "data protection",
|
|
])
|
|
if is_dse_link and link_domain != page_domain:
|
|
violations.append(Violation(
|
|
service="Cookie-Banner",
|
|
severity="HIGH",
|
|
text=f"Consent verweist auf Datenschutzerklaerung von {link_domain} "
|
|
f"statt auf eigene DSE. Der Verantwortliche muss eine eigene "
|
|
f"Datenschutzerklaerung bereitstellen (Art. 13 DSGVO). "
|
|
f"Ein Verweis auf die DSE eines Drittanbieters/Auftragsverarbeiters "
|
|
f"reicht nicht aus.",
|
|
legal_ref="Art. 13 DSGVO (Informationspflichten), Art. 26 DSGVO (gemeinsame Verantwortlichkeit)",
|
|
))
|
|
break
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
# Check 10: Dark-Pattern language — "muessen/erforderlich" for non-essential
|
|
dark_pattern_phrases = [
|
|
("muessen heruntergeladen werden", "heruntergeladen"),
|
|
("muessen akzeptiert werden", "akzeptiert"),
|
|
("muessen gesetzt werden", "gesetzt"),
|
|
("cookies sind erforderlich", "erforderlich"),
|
|
("cookies are required", "required"),
|
|
("must be downloaded", "downloaded"),
|
|
("must be accepted", "accepted"),
|
|
("sind zwingend notwendig", "zwingend"),
|
|
("unbedingt erforderlich", "unbedingt"),
|
|
]
|
|
for phrase, keyword in dark_pattern_phrases:
|
|
if phrase in banner_lower:
|
|
# Check if context is about non-essential cookies
|
|
context_essential = any(kw in banner_lower for kw in [
|
|
"technisch notwendig", "essential", "strictly necessary",
|
|
"unbedingt erforderlich fuer den betrieb",
|
|
])
|
|
if not context_essential:
|
|
violations.append(Violation(
|
|
service="Cookie-Banner",
|
|
severity="MEDIUM",
|
|
text=f"Dark-Pattern-Sprache: '{phrase}' suggeriert technische "
|
|
f"Notwendigkeit fuer nicht-essentielle Cookies. Nutzer koennten "
|
|
f"den Eindruck gewinnen, eine Zustimmung sei alternativlos.",
|
|
legal_ref="EDPB Guidelines 05/2020 Rn. 70, Art. 7(4) DSGVO (freiwillige Einwilligung)",
|
|
))
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
# Check 11: Modal dismiss = consent (click outside closes + sets consent)
|
|
try:
|
|
dismiss_is_consent = await page.evaluate("""
|
|
() => {
|
|
const dialog = document.querySelector(
|
|
'#CybotCookiebotDialog, #onetrust-banner-sdk, #didomi-host, '
|
|
+ '#usercentrics-root, .cky-consent-container, #cmpbox, '
|
|
+ '[class*="cookie-banner"], [class*="consent-banner"], [role="dialog"]'
|
|
);
|
|
if (!dialog) return { hasOverlay: false, overlayCloses: false };
|
|
// Check for overlay/backdrop elements
|
|
const overlays = document.querySelectorAll(
|
|
'.overlay, .backdrop, .modal-backdrop, '
|
|
+ '[class*="overlay"], [class*="backdrop"], '
|
|
+ '[class*="dimmer"], .cdk-overlay-backdrop'
|
|
);
|
|
let overlayHasClick = false;
|
|
for (const ov of overlays) {
|
|
const listeners = getEventListeners ? getEventListeners(ov) : {};
|
|
if (listeners.click && listeners.click.length > 0) {
|
|
overlayHasClick = true;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
// Alternative: check if dialog is non-modal (no inert on background)
|
|
const isModal = dialog.getAttribute('aria-modal') === 'true' ||
|
|
dialog.hasAttribute('open');
|
|
return {
|
|
hasOverlay: overlays.length > 0,
|
|
overlayHasClick: overlayHasClick,
|
|
isModal: isModal,
|
|
dialogRole: dialog.getAttribute('role'),
|
|
};
|
|
}
|
|
""")
|
|
if dismiss_is_consent and dismiss_is_consent.get("hasOverlay") and not dismiss_is_consent.get("isModal"):
|
|
violations.append(Violation(
|
|
service="Cookie-Banner",
|
|
severity="HIGH",
|
|
text="Consent-Dialog ist nicht modal — Klick auf den Hintergrund kann "
|
|
"das Fenster schliessen und als Einwilligung gewertet werden. "
|
|
"Ein versehentlicher Klick ist keine aktive Einwilligung. "
|
|
"Der Dialog muss modal sein (nur explizite Buttons als Optionen).",
|
|
legal_ref="EuGH C-673/17 Planet49 (aktive Handlung), Art. 7(1) DSGVO (Nachweispflicht), "
|
|
"EDPB Guidelines 05/2020 Rn. 77 (silence/inactivity ≠ consent)",
|
|
))
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
# ── Checks 12-20: Advanced checks ──────────────────────
|
|
try:
|
|
advanced = await run_advanced_checks(page, banner_text)
|
|
violations.extend(advanced)
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logger.warning("Advanced banner checks failed: %s", e)
|
|
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logger.warning("Banner text check failed: %s", e)
|
|
|
|
return {"violations": violations, "has_impressum": has_impressum, "has_dse": has_dse}
|