feat(rag): optimize RAG pipeline — JSON-Mode, CoT, Hybrid Search, Re-Ranking, Cross-Reg Dedup, chunk 1024

Phase 1 (LLM Quality):
- Add format=json to all Ollama payloads (obligation_extractor, control_generator, citation_backfill)
- Add Chain-of-Thought analysis steps to Pass 0a/0b system prompts

Phase 2 (Retrieval Quality):
- Hybrid search via Qdrant Query API with RRF fusion + automatic text index (legal_rag.go)
- Fallback to dense-only search if Query API unavailable
- Cross-encoder re-ranking with BGE Reranker v2 (RERANK_ENABLED=false by default)
- CPU-only PyTorch dependency to keep Docker image small

Phase 3 (Data Layer):
- Cross-regulation dedup pass (threshold 0.95) links controls across regulations
- DedupResult.link_type field distinguishes dedup_merge vs cross_regulation
- Chunk size defaults updated 512/50 → 1024/128 for new ingestions only
- Existing collections and controls are NOT affected

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

ai-compliance-sdk/internal/ucca/legal_rag.go

@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@ import (
 
 // LegalRAGClient provides access to the compliance CE vector search via Qdrant + Ollama bge-m3.
 type LegalRAGClient struct {
-	qdrantURL      string
-	qdrantAPIKey   string
-	ollamaURL      string
-	embeddingModel string
-	collection     string
-	httpClient     *http.Client
+	qdrantURL        string
+	qdrantAPIKey     string
+	ollamaURL        string
+	embeddingModel   string
+	collection       string
+	httpClient       *http.Client
+	textIndexEnsured map[string]bool // tracks which collections have text index
+	hybridEnabled    bool            // use Query API with RRF fusion
 }
 
 // LegalSearchResult represents a single search result from the compliance corpus.
@@ -70,12 +72,16 @@ func NewLegalRAGClient() *LegalRAGClient {
 		ollamaURL = "http://localhost:11434"
 	}
 
+	hybridEnabled := os.Getenv("RAG_HYBRID_SEARCH") != "false" // enabled by default
+
 	return &LegalRAGClient{
-		qdrantURL:      qdrantURL,
-		qdrantAPIKey:   qdrantAPIKey,
-		ollamaURL:      ollamaURL,
-		embeddingModel: "bge-m3",
-		collection:     "bp_compliance_ce",
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantURL,
+		qdrantAPIKey:     qdrantAPIKey,
+		ollamaURL:        ollamaURL,
+		embeddingModel:   "bge-m3",
+		collection:       "bp_compliance_ce",
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		hybridEnabled:    hybridEnabled,
 		httpClient: &http.Client{
 			Timeout: 60 * time.Second,
 		},
@@ -126,6 +132,161 @@ type qdrantSearchHit struct {
 	Payload map[string]interface{} `json:"payload"`
 }
 
+// --- Hybrid Search (Query API with RRF fusion) ---
+
+// qdrantQueryRequest for Qdrant Query API with prefetch + fusion.
+type qdrantQueryRequest struct {
+	Prefetch    []qdrantPrefetch `json:"prefetch"`
+	Query       *qdrantFusion    `json:"query"`
+	Limit       int              `json:"limit"`
+	WithPayload bool             `json:"with_payload"`
+	Filter      *qdrantFilter    `json:"filter,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type qdrantPrefetch struct {
+	Query  []float64     `json:"query"`
+	Limit  int           `json:"limit"`
+	Filter *qdrantFilter `json:"filter,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type qdrantFusion struct {
+	Fusion string `json:"fusion"`
+}
+
+// qdrantQueryResponse from Qdrant Query API (same shape as search).
+type qdrantQueryResponse struct {
+	Result []qdrantSearchHit `json:"result"`
+}
+
+// qdrantTextIndexRequest for creating a full-text index on a payload field.
+type qdrantTextIndexRequest struct {
+	FieldName   string                 `json:"field_name"`
+	FieldSchema qdrantTextFieldSchema  `json:"field_schema"`
+}
+
+type qdrantTextFieldSchema struct {
+	Type      string `json:"type"`
+	Tokenizer string `json:"tokenizer"`
+	MinLen    int    `json:"min_token_len,omitempty"`
+	MaxLen    int    `json:"max_token_len,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ensureTextIndex creates a full-text index on chunk_text if not already done for this collection.
+func (c *LegalRAGClient) ensureTextIndex(ctx context.Context, collection string) error {
+	if c.textIndexEnsured[collection] {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	indexReq := qdrantTextIndexRequest{
+		FieldName: "chunk_text",
+		FieldSchema: qdrantTextFieldSchema{
+			Type:      "text",
+			Tokenizer: "word",
+			MinLen:    2,
+			MaxLen:    40,
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonBody, err := json.Marshal(indexReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal text index request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/collections/%s/index", c.qdrantURL, collection)
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "PUT", url, bytes.NewReader(jsonBody))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create text index request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if c.qdrantAPIKey != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("api-key", c.qdrantAPIKey)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("text index request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	// 200 = created, 409 = already exists — both are fine
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK && resp.StatusCode != http.StatusConflict {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		return fmt.Errorf("text index creation failed %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	c.textIndexEnsured[collection] = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+// searchHybrid performs RRF-fused hybrid search (dense + full-text) via Qdrant Query API.
+func (c *LegalRAGClient) searchHybrid(ctx context.Context, collection string, embedding []float64, regulationIDs []string, topK int) ([]qdrantSearchHit, error) {
+	// Ensure text index exists
+	if err := c.ensureTextIndex(ctx, collection); err != nil {
+		// Non-fatal: log and fall back to dense-only
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Build prefetch with dense vector (retrieve top-20 for re-ranking)
+	prefetchLimit := 20
+	if topK > 20 {
+		prefetchLimit = topK * 4
+	}
+
+	queryReq := qdrantQueryRequest{
+		Prefetch: []qdrantPrefetch{
+			{Query: embedding, Limit: prefetchLimit},
+		},
+		Query:       &qdrantFusion{Fusion: "rrf"},
+		Limit:       topK,
+		WithPayload: true,
+	}
+
+	// Add regulation filter
+	if len(regulationIDs) > 0 {
+		conditions := make([]qdrantCondition, len(regulationIDs))
+		for i, regID := range regulationIDs {
+			conditions[i] = qdrantCondition{
+				Key:   "regulation_id",
+				Match: qdrantMatch{Value: regID},
+			}
+		}
+		queryReq.Filter = &qdrantFilter{Should: conditions}
+	}
+
+	jsonBody, err := json.Marshal(queryReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal query request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/collections/%s/points/query", c.qdrantURL, collection)
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", url, bytes.NewReader(jsonBody))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create query request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if c.qdrantAPIKey != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("api-key", c.qdrantAPIKey)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("query request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("qdrant query returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	var queryResp qdrantQueryResponse
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&queryResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode query response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return queryResp.Result, nil
+}
+
 // generateEmbedding calls Ollama bge-m3 to get a 1024-dim vector for the query.
 func (c *LegalRAGClient) generateEmbedding(ctx context.Context, text string) ([]float64, error) {
 	// Truncate to 2000 chars for bge-m3
@@ -187,6 +348,8 @@ func (c *LegalRAGClient) Search(ctx context.Context, query string, regulationIDs
 }
 
 // searchInternal performs the actual search against a given collection.
+// If hybrid search is enabled, it uses the Qdrant Query API with RRF fusion
+// (dense + full-text). Falls back to dense-only /points/search on failure.
 func (c *LegalRAGClient) searchInternal(ctx context.Context, collection string, query string, regulationIDs []string, topK int) ([]LegalSearchResult, error) {
 	// Generate query embedding via Ollama bge-m3
 	embedding, err := c.generateEmbedding(ctx, query)
@@ -194,14 +357,51 @@ func (c *LegalRAGClient) searchInternal(ctx context.Context, collection string,
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate embedding: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Build Qdrant search request
+	// Try hybrid search first (Query API + RRF), fall back to dense-only
+	var hits []qdrantSearchHit
+
+	if c.hybridEnabled {
+		hybridHits, err := c.searchHybrid(ctx, collection, embedding, regulationIDs, topK)
+		if err == nil {
+			hits = hybridHits
+		}
+		// On error, fall through to dense-only search below
+	}
+
+	if hits == nil {
+		denseHits, err := c.searchDense(ctx, collection, embedding, regulationIDs, topK)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		hits = denseHits
+	}
+
+	// Convert to results using bp_compliance_ce payload schema
+	results := make([]LegalSearchResult, len(hits))
+	for i, hit := range hits {
+		results[i] = LegalSearchResult{
+			Text:            getString(hit.Payload, "chunk_text"),
+			RegulationCode:  getString(hit.Payload, "regulation_id"),
+			RegulationName:  getString(hit.Payload, "regulation_name_de"),
+			RegulationShort: getString(hit.Payload, "regulation_short"),
+			Category:        getString(hit.Payload, "category"),
+			Pages:           getIntSlice(hit.Payload, "pages"),
+			SourceURL:       getString(hit.Payload, "source"),
+			Score:           hit.Score,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return results, nil
+}
+
+// searchDense performs a dense-only vector search via Qdrant /points/search.
+func (c *LegalRAGClient) searchDense(ctx context.Context, collection string, embedding []float64, regulationIDs []string, topK int) ([]qdrantSearchHit, error) {
 	searchReq := qdrantSearchRequest{
 		Vector:      embedding,
 		Limit:       topK,
 		WithPayload: true,
 	}
 
-	// Add filter for specific regulations if provided
 	if len(regulationIDs) > 0 {
 		conditions := make([]qdrantCondition, len(regulationIDs))
 		for i, regID := range regulationIDs {
@@ -218,7 +418,6 @@ func (c *LegalRAGClient) searchInternal(ctx context.Context, collection string,
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal search request: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Call Qdrant
 	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/collections/%s/points/search", c.qdrantURL, collection)
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", url, bytes.NewReader(jsonBody))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -245,22 +444,7 @@ func (c *LegalRAGClient) searchInternal(ctx context.Context, collection string,
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode search response: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Convert to results using bp_compliance_ce payload schema
-	results := make([]LegalSearchResult, len(searchResp.Result))
-	for i, hit := range searchResp.Result {
-		results[i] = LegalSearchResult{
-			Text:            getString(hit.Payload, "chunk_text"),
-			RegulationCode:  getString(hit.Payload, "regulation_id"),
-			RegulationName:  getString(hit.Payload, "regulation_name_de"),
-			RegulationShort: getString(hit.Payload, "regulation_short"),
-			Category:        getString(hit.Payload, "category"),
-			Pages:           getIntSlice(hit.Payload, "pages"),
-			SourceURL:       getString(hit.Payload, "source"),
-			Score:           hit.Score,
-		}
-	}
-
-	return results, nil
+	return searchResp.Result, nil
 }
 
 // GetLegalContextForAssessment retrieves relevant legal context for an assessment.

ai-compliance-sdk/internal/ucca/legal_rag_test.go

@@ -32,11 +32,13 @@ func TestSearchCollection_UsesCorrectCollection(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Parse qdrant mock host/port
 	client := &LegalRAGClient{
-		qdrantURL:      qdrantMock.URL,
-		ollamaURL:      ollamaMock.URL,
-		embeddingModel: "bge-m3",
-		collection:     "bp_compliance_ce",
-		httpClient:     http.DefaultClient,
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		ollamaURL:        ollamaMock.URL,
+		embeddingModel:   "bge-m3",
+		collection:       "bp_compliance_ce",
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		hybridEnabled:    false, // dense-only for this test
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
 	}
 
 	// Test with explicit collection
@@ -69,11 +71,13 @@ func TestSearchCollection_FallbackDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	defer qdrantMock.Close()
 
 	client := &LegalRAGClient{
-		qdrantURL:      qdrantMock.URL,
-		ollamaURL:      ollamaMock.URL,
-		embeddingModel: "bge-m3",
-		collection:     "bp_compliance_ce",
-		httpClient:     http.DefaultClient,
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		ollamaURL:        ollamaMock.URL,
+		embeddingModel:   "bge-m3",
+		collection:       "bp_compliance_ce",
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		hybridEnabled:    false,
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
 	}
 
 	// Test with empty collection (should fall back to default)
@@ -140,8 +144,9 @@ func TestScrollChunks_ReturnsChunksAndNextOffset(t *testing.T) {
 	defer qdrantMock.Close()
 
 	client := &LegalRAGClient{
-		qdrantURL:  qdrantMock.URL,
-		httpClient: http.DefaultClient,
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
 	}
 
 	chunks, nextOffset, err := client.ScrollChunks(context.Background(), "bp_compliance_ce", "", 100)
@@ -196,8 +201,9 @@ func TestScrollChunks_EmptyCollection_ReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	defer qdrantMock.Close()
 
 	client := &LegalRAGClient{
-		qdrantURL:  qdrantMock.URL,
-		httpClient: http.DefaultClient,
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
 	}
 
 	chunks, nextOffset, err := client.ScrollChunks(context.Background(), "bp_compliance_ce", "", 100)
@@ -230,8 +236,9 @@ func TestScrollChunks_WithOffset_SendsOffset(t *testing.T) {
 	defer qdrantMock.Close()
 
 	client := &LegalRAGClient{
-		qdrantURL:  qdrantMock.URL,
-		httpClient: http.DefaultClient,
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
 	}
 
 	_, _, err := client.ScrollChunks(context.Background(), "bp_compliance_ce", "some-offset-id", 50)
@@ -263,9 +270,10 @@ func TestScrollChunks_SendsAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
 	defer qdrantMock.Close()
 
 	client := &LegalRAGClient{
-		qdrantURL:    qdrantMock.URL,
-		qdrantAPIKey: "test-api-key-123",
-		httpClient:   http.DefaultClient,
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		qdrantAPIKey:     "test-api-key-123",
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
 	}
 
 	_, _, err := client.ScrollChunks(context.Background(), "bp_compliance_ce", "", 10)
@@ -310,11 +318,13 @@ func TestSearch_StillWorks(t *testing.T) {
 	defer qdrantMock.Close()
 
 	client := &LegalRAGClient{
-		qdrantURL:      qdrantMock.URL,
-		ollamaURL:      ollamaMock.URL,
-		embeddingModel: "bge-m3",
-		collection:     "bp_compliance_ce",
-		httpClient:     http.DefaultClient,
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		ollamaURL:        ollamaMock.URL,
+		embeddingModel:   "bge-m3",
+		collection:       "bp_compliance_ce",
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		hybridEnabled:    false,
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
 	}
 
 	results, err := client.Search(context.Background(), "DSGVO Art. 35", nil, 5)
@@ -334,3 +344,257 @@ func TestSearch_StillWorks(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected default collection in URL, got: %s", requestedURL)
 	}
 }
+
+// --- Hybrid Search Tests ---
+
+func TestHybridSearch_UsesQueryAPI(t *testing.T) {
+	var requestedPaths []string
+
+	ollamaMock := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(ollamaEmbeddingResponse{
+			Embedding: make([]float64, 1024),
+		})
+	}))
+	defer ollamaMock.Close()
+
+	qdrantMock := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		requestedPaths = append(requestedPaths, r.URL.Path)
+
+		if strings.Contains(r.URL.Path, "/index") {
+			// Text index creation — return OK
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			w.Write([]byte(`{"result":{"operation_id":1,"status":"completed"}}`))
+			return
+		}
+
+		if strings.Contains(r.URL.Path, "/points/query") {
+			// Verify the query request body has prefetch + fusion
+			var reqBody map[string]interface{}
+			json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&reqBody)
+
+			if _, ok := reqBody["prefetch"]; !ok {
+				t.Error("Query request missing 'prefetch' field")
+			}
+			queryField, ok := reqBody["query"].(map[string]interface{})
+			if !ok || queryField["fusion"] != "rrf" {
+				t.Error("Query request missing 'query.fusion=rrf'")
+			}
+
+			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(qdrantQueryResponse{
+				Result: []qdrantSearchHit{
+					{
+						ID:    "1",
+						Score: 0.88,
+						Payload: map[string]interface{}{
+							"chunk_text":         "Hybrid result",
+							"regulation_id":      "eu_2016_679",
+							"regulation_name_de": "DSGVO",
+							"regulation_short":   "DSGVO",
+							"category":           "regulation",
+							"source":             "https://example.com",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Fallback: should not reach dense search
+		t.Error("Unexpected dense search call when hybrid succeeded")
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(qdrantSearchResponse{Result: []qdrantSearchHit{}})
+	}))
+	defer qdrantMock.Close()
+
+	client := &LegalRAGClient{
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		ollamaURL:        ollamaMock.URL,
+		embeddingModel:   "bge-m3",
+		collection:       "bp_compliance_ce",
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		hybridEnabled:    true,
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
+	}
+
+	results, err := client.Search(context.Background(), "DSGVO Art. 35", nil, 5)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Hybrid search failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(results) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 1 result, got %d", len(results))
+	}
+	if results[0].Text != "Hybrid result" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 'Hybrid result', got '%s'", results[0].Text)
+	}
+
+	// Verify text index was created
+	hasIndex := false
+	hasQuery := false
+	for _, p := range requestedPaths {
+		if strings.Contains(p, "/index") {
+			hasIndex = true
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(p, "/points/query") {
+			hasQuery = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasIndex {
+		t.Error("Expected text index creation call")
+	}
+	if !hasQuery {
+		t.Error("Expected Query API call")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHybridSearch_FallbackToDense(t *testing.T) {
+	var requestedPaths []string
+
+	ollamaMock := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(ollamaEmbeddingResponse{
+			Embedding: make([]float64, 1024),
+		})
+	}))
+	defer ollamaMock.Close()
+
+	qdrantMock := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		requestedPaths = append(requestedPaths, r.URL.Path)
+
+		if strings.Contains(r.URL.Path, "/index") {
+			// Simulate text index failure (old Qdrant version)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			w.Write([]byte(`{"status":{"error":"not supported"}}`))
+			return
+		}
+
+		if strings.Contains(r.URL.Path, "/points/search") {
+			// Dense fallback
+			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(qdrantSearchResponse{
+				Result: []qdrantSearchHit{
+					{
+						ID:    "2",
+						Score: 0.90,
+						Payload: map[string]interface{}{
+							"chunk_text":         "Dense fallback result",
+							"regulation_id":      "eu_2016_679",
+							"regulation_name_de": "DSGVO",
+							"regulation_short":   "DSGVO",
+							"category":           "regulation",
+							"source":             "https://example.com",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer qdrantMock.Close()
+
+	client := &LegalRAGClient{
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		ollamaURL:        ollamaMock.URL,
+		embeddingModel:   "bge-m3",
+		collection:       "bp_compliance_ce",
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		hybridEnabled:    true,
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
+	}
+
+	results, err := client.Search(context.Background(), "test query", nil, 5)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Fallback search failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(results) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 1 result, got %d", len(results))
+	}
+	if results[0].Text != "Dense fallback result" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 'Dense fallback result', got '%s'", results[0].Text)
+	}
+
+	// Verify it fell back to dense search
+	hasDense := false
+	for _, p := range requestedPaths {
+		if strings.Contains(p, "/points/search") {
+			hasDense = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasDense {
+		t.Error("Expected fallback to dense /points/search")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnsureTextIndex_OnlyCalledOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	callCount := 0
+
+	qdrantMock := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if strings.Contains(r.URL.Path, "/index") {
+			callCount++
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			w.Write([]byte(`{"result":{"operation_id":1,"status":"completed"}}`))
+			return
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(`{"result":[]}`))
+	}))
+	defer qdrantMock.Close()
+
+	client := &LegalRAGClient{
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	_ = client.ensureTextIndex(ctx, "test_collection")
+	_ = client.ensureTextIndex(ctx, "test_collection")
+	_ = client.ensureTextIndex(ctx, "test_collection")
+
+	if callCount != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected ensureTextIndex to call Qdrant exactly once, called %d times", callCount)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHybridDisabled_UsesDenseOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	var requestedPaths []string
+
+	ollamaMock := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(ollamaEmbeddingResponse{
+			Embedding: make([]float64, 1024),
+		})
+	}))
+	defer ollamaMock.Close()
+
+	qdrantMock := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		requestedPaths = append(requestedPaths, r.URL.Path)
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(qdrantSearchResponse{
+			Result: []qdrantSearchHit{},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer qdrantMock.Close()
+
+	client := &LegalRAGClient{
+		qdrantURL:        qdrantMock.URL,
+		ollamaURL:        ollamaMock.URL,
+		embeddingModel:   "bge-m3",
+		collection:       "bp_compliance_ce",
+		textIndexEnsured: make(map[string]bool),
+		hybridEnabled:    false,
+		httpClient:       http.DefaultClient,
+	}
+
+	_, err := client.Search(context.Background(), "test", nil, 5)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Search failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range requestedPaths {
+		if strings.Contains(p, "/points/query") {
+			t.Error("Query API should not be called when hybrid is disabled")
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(p, "/index") {
+			t.Error("Text index should not be created when hybrid is disabled")
+		}
+	}
+}