feat(iace): Sprint 4D — Failure Mode Layer (FMEA-Faehigkeit)

150 Failure Modes in 11 ComponentTypes:
- Sensor (20): Signalverlust, Drift, Falschmeldung, Encoder-spezifisch
- Controller (20): Watchdog, Speicher, Bus, Safety-SPS CCF, Antrieb
- Actuator (15): Blockiert, Ueberlast, Haltekraftverlust, Schuetz verschweisst
- Mechanical (20): Ermuedungsbruch, Lagerschaden, Kettenriss, Werkzeugbruch
- Electrical (15): Isolation, Kurzschluss, Erdschluss, Lichtbogen
- Software (15): Exception, Race Condition, Buffer Overflow, Timing
- Hydraulic/Pneumatic (15): Schlauchplatzer, Ventil blockiert, Kavitation
- Safety Device (15): Failure-to-trip, CCF, Bremsenverschleiss, PL-Degradation
- Network (10): Paketverlust, Latenz, Man-in-the-Middle
- AI/ML (5): Model Drift, Adversarial Input, Bias

Architektur:
- FailureModeEntry Struct mit FMEA-Scores (Severity/Occurrence/Detection 1-10)
- RPZ = S x O x D (max 1000, Schwelle >= 100 = Massnahme erforderlich)
- RequiredFailureModes auf HazardPattern fuer FM-gesteuertes Pattern-Matching
- MatchInput.FailureModes + MatchReason "failure_mode" (Explainability)
- GET /failure-modes?component_type= API-Endpoint

10 Tests: Count, UniqueIDs, ValidTypes, NonEmpty, Distribution, RPZ (3x), NilFires, RPZDistribution

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

ai-compliance-sdk/internal/iace/pattern_engine.go

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ type MatchInput struct {
 	// HumanRoles are the human roles interacting with the machine in this project.
 	// Used to filter patterns that only apply to specific roles (e.g. programmer, maintenance_tech).
 	HumanRoles []string `json:"human_roles,omitempty"`
+	// FailureModes are the active failure mode IDs relevant for this project.
+	// Used to filter patterns that require specific failure modes.
+	FailureModes []string `json:"failure_modes,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // MatchOutput contains the results of pattern matching.
@@ -56,8 +59,9 @@ type PatternMatch struct {
 	RequiresExpert    bool     `json:"requires_expert,omitempty"`
 	OperationalStates []string `json:"operational_states,omitempty"`
 	StateTransitions  []string `json:"state_transitions,omitempty"`
-	HumanRoles          []string `json:"human_roles,omitempty"`
-	GeneratedHazardType string   `json:"generated_hazard_type,omitempty"`
+	HumanRoles           []string `json:"human_roles,omitempty"`
+	GeneratedHazardType  string   `json:"generated_hazard_type,omitempty"`
+	MatchedFailureModes  []string `json:"matched_failure_modes,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // HazardSuggestion is a suggested hazard from pattern matching.
@@ -209,6 +213,17 @@ func (e *PatternEngine) Match(input MatchInput) *MatchOutput {
 				reasons = append(reasons, MatchReason{Type: "human_role", Tag: r, Met: roleSet[r]})
 			}
 		}
+		var matchedFMs []string
+		if len(p.RequiredFailureModes) > 0 {
+			fmSet := toSet(input.FailureModes)
+			for _, fm := range p.RequiredFailureModes {
+				met := fmSet[fm]
+				reasons = append(reasons, MatchReason{Type: "failure_mode", Tag: fm, Met: met})
+				if met {
+					matchedFMs = append(matchedFMs, fm)
+				}
+			}
+		}
 
 		matchedPatterns = append(matchedPatterns, PatternMatch{
 			PatternID:       p.ID,
@@ -230,6 +245,7 @@ func (e *PatternEngine) Match(input MatchInput) *MatchOutput {
 			StateTransitions:    p.StateTransitions,
 			HumanRoles:          p.HumanRoles,
 			GeneratedHazardType: p.GeneratedHazardType,
+			MatchedFailureModes: matchedFMs,
 		})
 
 		for _, cat := range p.GeneratedHazardCats {
@@ -382,6 +398,21 @@ func patternMatches(p HazardPattern, tagSet map[string]bool, input MatchInput) b
 		}
 	}
 
+	// If pattern requires specific failure modes, at least one must match.
+	if len(p.RequiredFailureModes) > 0 && len(input.FailureModes) > 0 {
+		found := false
+		fmSet := toSet(input.FailureModes)
+		for _, fm := range p.RequiredFailureModes {
+			if fmSet[fm] {
+				found = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
 	return true
 }