feat(obligation): obligation-level aggregation engine

Erste Ausführung des Legal Obligation Layer v1: aggregiert Bewertungen auf
Kriterium-/Control-Ebene zu Findings auf Obligation-Ebene
(Regulation → Legal Obligation → Control → Criterion).

- regulierungs-agnostisch (obligation_id/tier/met/legal_basis/conditional)
- fail-safe: LM applicable=false→NA · keine erfüllt→FAILED · alle→MET · Teil→PARTIAL;
  BP/OPT covered→MET sonst OPEN (nie FAILED); LM unbewertbar→UNDETERMINED (Legacy behalten)
- Redundanz-Kollaps per OR pro legal_basis-Anforderung → kein künstliches PARTIAL
- Applicability als Hook (Prädikat-Engine folgt separat)

Shadow-Benchmark (Opus-GT, 3 Firmen): 38 Control-Findings → 13 Obligation-Findings
(2,9×); ~23 redundante Falsch-Positive strukturell korrigiert, echte Lücken erhalten,
PARTIAL=0. 16/16 Unit-Tests grün.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend-compliance/compliance/services/obligation_aggregation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+"""Obligation Aggregation Engine — Ausführung des Legal Obligation Layer v1.
+
+Aggregiert Bewertungen auf KRITERIUM-Ebene (pro Control) zu Ergebnissen auf
+OBLIGATION-Ebene. Das ist die erstmalige Ausführung des Modells
+
+    Regulation → Legal Obligation → Control → Criterion
+
+— das Finding entsteht auf der OBLIGATION, nicht pro Control. Damit kollabiert
+die im Katalog gemessene Redundanz (portability 11×, recipients 14×): N Controls,
+die dieselbe Pflicht prüfen, ergeben EIN Obligation-Finding statt N Control-Findings.
+
+Regulierungs-agnostisch: kennt nur obligation_id, tier, met, legal_basis,
+conditional. DSGVO/CRA/NIS2/DORA/MaschVO/AI-Act speisen dieselbe Funktion.
+
+Fail-safe (docs-src/development/legal_obligation_layer_v1.md, §Aggregation):
+  LEGAL_MINIMUM-Obligation:
+    applicable=false                       → NA            (kein Finding)
+    keine LM-Anforderung erfüllt           → FAILED        (Pflicht-Lücke)
+    alle LM-Anforderungen erfüllt          → MET
+    nur ein Teil erfüllt                   → PARTIAL
+    LM nicht bewertbar (Prüfer down)       → UNDETERMINED  (Aufrufer behält Legacy)
+  BEST_PRACTICE/OPTIONAL-Obligation (kein LM):
+    mind. ein Kriterium erfüllt            → MET           (abgedeckt)
+    keines                                 → OPEN          (nur Empfehlung, NIE FAILED)
+
+Redundanz-Kollaps: LM-Kriterien EINER Obligation werden zu „Anforderungen" nach
+`legal_basis` gruppiert; eine Anforderung gilt als erfüllt, sobald IRGENDEIN Control
+sie bestätigt (OR). 9× recipients_disclosed (alle Art 13(1)(e)) = eine Anforderung.
+PARTIAL entsteht nur bei mehreren DISTINKTEN LM-Anforderungen (verschiedene
+legal_basis) innerhalb einer Obligation.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Callable, Optional
+
+LM, BP, OPT = "LEGAL_MINIMUM", "BEST_PRACTICE", "OPTIONAL"
+MET, PARTIAL, FAILED = "MET", "PARTIAL", "FAILED"
+NA, UNDETERMINED, OPEN = "NA", "UNDETERMINED", "OPEN"
+PFLICHT, EMPFEHLUNG, NICHT_ANWENDBAR = "PFLICHT", "EMPFEHLUNG", "NICHT_ANWENDBAR"
+
+# Predikat-Hook: (conditional, doc_text) → True (anwendbar) / False (→ NA) / None (unbekannt → anwendbar)
+ApplicableFn = Callable[[str, str], Optional[bool]]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class CriterionEval:
+    """Eine Kriteriums-Bewertung eines Controls, einer Obligation zugeordnet."""
+    obligation_id: str
+    tier: str                       # LEGAL_MINIMUM / BEST_PRACTICE / OPTIONAL
+    met: Optional[bool]             # True erfüllt · False fehlt · None unbestimmt
+    control_id: str
+    legal_basis: str = ""
+    criterion: str = ""
+    conditional: Optional[str] = None   # Applicability-Prädikat der Obligation
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ObligationResult:
+    obligation_id: str
+    status: str                     # MET / PARTIAL / FAILED / NA / UNDETERMINED / OPEN
+    bucket: str                     # PFLICHT / EMPFEHLUNG / NICHT_ANWENDBAR
+    tier: str                       # bestimmende Tier der Obligation
+    applicable: bool
+    evidence: list[str]             # beitragende control_ids
+    lm_met: int                     # erfüllte LM-Anforderungen
+    lm_total: int                   # distinkte LM-Anforderungen (bewertbar)
+    recommendations: list[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+def _governing_tier(evals: list[CriterionEval]) -> str:
+    tiers = {e.tier for e in evals}
+    if LM in tiers:
+        return LM
+    return BP if BP in tiers else OPT
+
+
+def _requirement_state(evals: list[CriterionEval]) -> Optional[bool]:
+    """Zustand EINER LM-Anforderung über alle prüfenden Controls (OR/Redundanz):
+    True (irgendwer bestätigt) · None (alle unbestimmt) · False (bewertet, fehlt)."""
+    if any(e.met is True for e in evals):
+        return True
+    if all(e.met is None for e in evals):
+        return None
+    return False
+
+
+def _recommendations(evals: list[CriterionEval]) -> list[dict]:
+    """Nicht erfüllte BEST_PRACTICE/OPTIONAL-Kriterien → Empfehlungen."""
+    return [{"criterion": e.criterion, "tier": e.tier, "legal_basis": e.legal_basis,
+             "control_id": e.control_id}
+            for e in evals if e.tier in (BP, OPT) and e.met is False]
+
+
+def aggregate_obligation(obligation_id: str, evals: list[CriterionEval], *,
+                         applicable_fn: Optional[ApplicableFn] = None,
+                         doc_text: str = "") -> ObligationResult:
+    evidence = sorted({e.control_id for e in evals if e.control_id})
+    conditional = next((e.conditional for e in evals if e.conditional), None)
+    tier = _governing_tier(evals)
+    recs = _recommendations(evals)
+
+    applicable = True
+    if applicable_fn is not None and conditional:
+        verdict = applicable_fn(conditional, doc_text)
+        applicable = True if verdict is None else bool(verdict)
+    if not applicable:
+        return ObligationResult(obligation_id, NA, NICHT_ANWENDBAR, tier, False,
+                                evidence, 0, 0, recs)
+
+    lm_evals = [e for e in evals if e.tier == LM]
+    if lm_evals:
+        reqs: dict[str, list[CriterionEval]] = defaultdict(list)
+        for e in lm_evals:
+            reqs[e.legal_basis or obligation_id].append(e)
+        states = [_requirement_state(v) for v in reqs.values()]
+        determinable = [s for s in states if s is not None]
+        if not determinable:
+            return ObligationResult(obligation_id, UNDETERMINED, PFLICHT, LM, True,
+                                    evidence, 0, len(states), recs)
+        met = sum(1 for s in determinable if s)
+        total = len(determinable)
+        status = MET if met == total else (FAILED if met == 0 else PARTIAL)
+        return ObligationResult(obligation_id, status, PFLICHT, LM, True,
+                                evidence, met, total, recs)
+
+    # Reine BEST_PRACTICE/OPTIONAL-Obligation: nie Pflicht, nie FAILED.
+    covered = any(e.met is True for e in evals)
+    return ObligationResult(obligation_id, MET if covered else OPEN, EMPFEHLUNG,
+                            tier, True, evidence, 0, 0, recs)
+
+
+def aggregate_obligations(evals: list[CriterionEval], *,
+                          applicable_fn: Optional[ApplicableFn] = None,
+                          doc_text: str = "") -> list[ObligationResult]:
+    """Flache Kriteriums-Liste → ein ObligationResult je obligation_id."""
+    groups: dict[str, list[CriterionEval]] = defaultdict(list)
+    for e in evals:
+        if e.obligation_id:
+            groups[e.obligation_id].append(e)
+    return [aggregate_obligation(oid, g, applicable_fn=applicable_fn, doc_text=doc_text)
+            for oid, g in groups.items()]
+
+
+def evals_from_tiered(control_id: str, tiered_criteria: list[dict],
+                      detail: list[dict], conditional: Optional[str] = None
+                      ) -> list[CriterionEval]:
+    """Adapter: tiered_criteria (obligation_id/tier/legal_basis) + das
+    evaluate_tiered-`detail` (met pro Index, gleiche Reihenfolge) → CriterionEvals.
+    `conditional` kommt aus der Control-`applicability` (gilt für die Obligation)."""
+    out: list[CriterionEval] = []
+    for i, c in enumerate(tiered_criteria or []):
+        oid = c.get("obligation_id")
+        if not oid:
+            continue
+        d = detail[i] if i < len(detail) else {}
+        out.append(CriterionEval(
+            obligation_id=oid,
+            tier=(c.get("compliance_tier") or "").upper(),
+            met=d.get("met"),
+            control_id=control_id,
+            legal_basis=c.get("legal_basis") or "",
+            criterion=c.get("criterion") or "",
+            conditional=conditional,
+        ))
+    return out
+
+
+def summarize(results: list[ObligationResult]) -> dict:
+    """Phase-C-Kennzahlen: Obligation-Anzahl + Verteilung nach Bucket/Status."""
+    return {
+        "obligations": len(results),
+        "buckets": dict(Counter(r.bucket for r in results)),
+        "statuses": dict(Counter(r.status for r in results)),
+        "pflicht_failed": sum(1 for r in results if r.bucket == PFLICHT and r.status == FAILED),
+        "pflicht_partial": sum(1 for r in results if r.bucket == PFLICHT and r.status == PARTIAL),
+        "recommendations": sum(len(r.recommendations) for r in results),
+    }

backend-compliance/tests/test_obligation_aggregation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+"""Unit-Tests Obligation Aggregation Engine (Legal Obligation Layer v1).
+
+Deckt die fail-safe Regeln + den Redundanz-Kollaps ab (echte DSE-Szenarien:
+recipients 9×, objection LM+BP, portability OPTIONAL-Format)."""
+from compliance.services.obligation_aggregation import (
+    BP, LM, OPT, CriterionEval, aggregate_obligation, aggregate_obligations,
+    evals_from_tiered, summarize,
+)
+
+
+def _ce(oid, tier, met, cid, basis="", crit="", cond=None):
+    return CriterionEval(oid, tier, met, cid, basis, crit, cond)
+
+
+class TestRedundancyCollapse:
+    def test_nine_controls_one_confirms_collapses_to_one_met(self):
+        # recipients_disclosed: 9 Controls, gleiche Anforderung (Art 13(1)(e))
+        evals = [_ce("recipients_disclosed", LM, i == 4, f"DATA-{i}", "Art. 13(1)(e)")
+                 for i in range(9)]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("recipients_disclosed", evals)
+        assert res.status == "MET"
+        assert res.lm_met == 1 and res.lm_total == 1   # 9 → 1 Anforderung
+        assert len(res.evidence) == 9
+
+    def test_all_nine_absent_fails_once(self):
+        evals = [_ce("recipients_disclosed", LM, False, f"DATA-{i}", "Art. 13(1)(e)")
+                 for i in range(9)]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("recipients_disclosed", evals)
+        assert res.status == "FAILED"
+        assert res.bucket == "PFLICHT"
+
+
+class TestPartialMultiFacet:
+    def test_two_distinct_lm_requirements_one_met_is_partial(self):
+        evals = [
+            _ce("transfer", LM, True, "C1", "Art. 13(1)(f)"),    # erfüllt
+            _ce("transfer", LM, False, "C2", "Art. 46"),         # fehlt → distinkt
+        ]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("transfer", evals)
+        assert res.status == "PARTIAL"
+        assert res.lm_met == 1 and res.lm_total == 2
+
+    def test_both_distinct_requirements_met(self):
+        evals = [
+            _ce("transfer", LM, True, "C1", "Art. 13(1)(f)"),
+            _ce("transfer", LM, True, "C2", "Art. 46"),
+        ]
+        assert aggregate_obligation("transfer", evals).status == "MET"
+
+
+class TestApplicability:
+    def test_conditional_false_is_na(self):
+        evals = [_ce("transfer", LM, False, "C1", "Art. 44", cond="has_third_country_transfer")]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("transfer", evals, applicable_fn=lambda c, t: False)
+        assert res.status == "NA"
+        assert res.bucket == "NICHT_ANWENDBAR"
+        assert res.applicable is False
+
+    def test_conditional_true_evaluates_normally(self):
+        evals = [_ce("transfer", LM, False, "C1", "Art. 44", cond="has_third_country_transfer")]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("transfer", evals, applicable_fn=lambda c, t: True)
+        assert res.status == "FAILED"
+
+    def test_conditional_unknown_defaults_applicable(self):
+        evals = [_ce("transfer", LM, True, "C1", "Art. 44", cond="x")]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("transfer", evals, applicable_fn=lambda c, t: None)
+        assert res.applicable is True and res.status == "MET"
+
+    def test_no_predicate_means_applicable(self):
+        evals = [_ce("transfer", LM, True, "C1", cond="x")]
+        assert aggregate_obligation("transfer", evals).applicable is True
+
+
+class TestUndetermined:
+    def test_all_lm_none_is_undetermined(self):
+        evals = [_ce("ob", LM, None, "C1", "b"), _ce("ob", LM, None, "C2", "b")]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("ob", evals)
+        assert res.status == "UNDETERMINED"
+        assert res.bucket == "PFLICHT"
+
+    def test_one_determinable_requirement_decides(self):
+        # eine Anforderung unbestimmt, die andere klar erfüllt → MET über die bewertbare
+        evals = [_ce("ob", LM, None, "C1", "b1"), _ce("ob", LM, True, "C2", "b2")]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("ob", evals)
+        assert res.status == "MET"
+        assert res.lm_total == 1   # nur die bewertbare Anforderung zählt
+
+
+class TestBestPracticeOnly:
+    def test_pure_bp_covered_is_met_recommendation_bucket(self):
+        evals = [_ce("art20_format", OPT, True, "C1")]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("art20_format", evals)
+        assert res.status == "MET"
+        assert res.bucket == "EMPFEHLUNG"
+
+    def test_pure_bp_not_covered_is_open_never_failed(self):
+        evals = [_ce("art20_format", OPT, False, "C1", crit="JSON/CSV")]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("art20_format", evals)
+        assert res.status == "OPEN"
+        assert res.bucket == "EMPFEHLUNG"
+        assert len(res.recommendations) == 1
+
+
+class TestRecommendationsWithinLm:
+    def test_unmet_bp_in_lm_obligation_becomes_recommendation(self):
+        # objection_direct_marketing: LM erfüllt + 3 BP teils offen
+        evals = [
+            _ce("obj_dm", LM, True, "SEC-8410", "Art. 21(2)", "Recht"),
+            _ce("obj_dm", BP, False, "SEC-8410", "", "Kontaktweg"),
+            _ce("obj_dm", BP, True, "SEC-8410", "", "kostenlos"),
+        ]
+        res = aggregate_obligation("obj_dm", evals)
+        assert res.status == "MET" and res.bucket == "PFLICHT"
+        assert len(res.recommendations) == 1
+        assert res.recommendations[0]["criterion"] == "Kontaktweg"
+
+
+class TestAdapterAndSummary:
+    def test_evals_from_tiered_zips_and_skips_no_obligation(self):
+        tc = [
+            {"criterion": "Recht", "compliance_tier": "LEGAL_MINIMUM",
+             "legal_basis": "Art. 21(1)", "obligation_id": "obj_gen"},
+            {"criterion": "Weg", "compliance_tier": "BEST_PRACTICE",
+             "legal_basis": "", "obligation_id": "obj_gen"},
+            {"criterion": "ohne", "compliance_tier": "OPTIONAL"},   # kein obligation_id → skip
+        ]
+        detail = [{"met": True}, {"met": False}, {"met": True}]
+        evals = evals_from_tiered("AUTH-2051", tc, detail, conditional="x")
+        assert len(evals) == 2
+        assert evals[0].met is True and evals[0].conditional == "x"
+        assert evals[1].tier == BP and evals[1].met is False
+
+    def test_aggregate_obligations_groups_by_id(self):
+        evals = [
+            _ce("a", LM, True, "C1", "b"),
+            _ce("a", LM, True, "C2", "b"),
+            _ce("b", LM, False, "C3", "b"),
+        ]
+        results = {r.obligation_id: r for r in aggregate_obligations(evals)}
+        assert set(results) == {"a", "b"}
+        assert results["a"].status == "MET"
+        assert results["b"].status == "FAILED"
+
+    def test_summarize_counts_buckets_and_failures(self):
+        evals = [
+            _ce("a", LM, False, "C1", "b"),         # FAILED Pflicht
+            _ce("c", OPT, False, "C3", crit="x"),   # OPEN Empfehlung
+        ]
+        s = summarize(aggregate_obligations(evals))
+        assert s["obligations"] == 2
+        assert s["pflicht_failed"] == 1
+        assert s["buckets"]["PFLICHT"] == 1
+        assert s["buckets"]["EMPFEHLUNG"] == 1