# Fatal occupational injuries by event/exposure (US, 2023–2024)

US supplementary severity anchor for the IACE risk model. Ingested into the core
RAG collection `bp_iace_accident_stats` alongside the Eurostat ESAW data.

## Source — US BLS CFOI

- **Source:** US Bureau of Labor Statistics — Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI)
- **Tables:** Summary Table 2 (selected events, 2023–24) + Table A-1 (by industry × event, 2024)
- **License:** US Government work — **public domain** (17 U.S.C. §105), free for any use
- **Attribution:** `Source: US BLS, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), public domain`
- **Retrieved:** 2026-06 · **URL:** https://www.bls.gov/iif/fatal-injuries-tables.htm
- Classification: BLS OIICS v3. Total US fatal work injuries: **5,283 (2023)** / **5,070 (2024)** (3.5 / 3.3 per 100,000 FTE).

## Fatal event/exposure — all US industries

| Event/exposure | 2023 | 2024 | Share 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transportation incidents | 1,942 | 1,937 | 38.2 % |
| Falls, slips, trips | 885 | 844 | 16.6 % |
| Exposure to harmful substances/environments | 820 | 687 | 13.6 % |
| Contact incidents (struck/caught/compressed) | 779 | 756 | 14.9 % |
| Violent acts | 740 | 733 | 14.5 % |
| Explosions and fires | 104 | 93 | 1.8 % |

## Machine-relevant detail — "Contact incidents"

| Contact sub-event | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Struck by propelled, falling, or suspended object | 394 | 357 |
| **Struck, caught, or compressed by running powered equipment** | **226** | **213** |
| Collapse, engulfment | 73 | 80 |
| Contact with non-running objects/equipment | 38 | 54 |

"Struck, caught, or compressed by running powered equipment" is the direct
machine point-hazard fatal category (maps to BreakPilot contact modes
`crushing` / `entanglement` / `struck_by`).

## Manufacturing — the machine-intensive industry (2024)

| Event | Manufacturing fatalities | Share |
|---|---|---|
| **Contact incidents** | **104** | **29.5 %** |
| Exposure to harmful substances | 69 | 19.5 % |
| Transportation incidents | 65 | 18.4 % |
| Falls, slips, trips | 52 | 14.7 % |
| Violent acts | 49 | 13.9 % |
| Explosions and fires | 11 | 3.1 % |
| **Total** | **353** | 100 % |

Key finding: in **manufacturing**, machine **contact** is the LEADING cause of
fatal injury (29.5 %) — ahead of falls and transport. This independently supports
the IACE model's emphasis on mechanical contact hazards at the machine.
(For comparison: construction is fall-dominated — 389 of 1,034.)

## How these numbers are used

- **Severity (S):** the fatal share of a contact mode anchors its typical
  severity tier. The high fatal weight of struck/caught/compressed-by-powered-
  equipment confirms the GT-calibrated severity for `crushing`/`entanglement`.
- **US complement to ESAW:** CFOI (US, fatal) cross-checks the Eurostat ESAW
  (EU, fatal+non-fatal) ordering. Both are anchors only; tier VALUES stay
  GT-calibrated. No standard's risk table reproduced.
